The Effect of Respiratory Muscle Training for Diaphragm Movement in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of respiratory muscle training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by pulmonary function test and fluoroscopy- guided diaphragm movement. METHOD: The respiratory muscle training program included breathing retraining, self-exercise and electromyography- assisted biofeedback therapy. 22 COPD patients underwent training program for 177+/-47.8 (84~259) days and were followed up regularly. To evaluate the effect of respiratory muscle training, we tested pulmonary function test before and after training. We also evaluated difference of area at full inspiratory and full expiratory time by fluoroscopy- guided diaphragm motion. RESULTS: Parameters in pulmonary function test showed no significant differences before and after respiratory muscle training. In fluoroscopic examination, the difference in the diaphragm movement area at full inspiration and expiration time showed significant improvement after respiratory muscle training (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Diaphragm movement increased in patients with COPD after respiratory muscle training, although pulmonary function test did not.

The Effect of Etidronate Disodium on Rat's Bone and Soft Tissue

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of etidronate disodium on bone and soft tissue, especially on bone mineral density, and mucosal changes of the aorta and esophagus. METHOD: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 separate groups: one with etidronate disodium and one without etidronate disodium. Bone mineral density (BMD) in lumbar vertebrae, femur, and a simple X-ray of the whole body were obtained. The abdominal aorta and esophagus were assessed histopathologically in post treatment. RESULTS: In post treatment for 12 weeks, the extent of decrease in BMD of the group with etidronate disodium was less than that of the group without etidronate disodium (p<0.05). There was no evidence of aorta and heart valve calcification in the simple X-ray, nor was there intima-media thickening, atheroma formation and calcification in aorta and esophageal irritation findings in pathologic examinations in both groups. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that etidronate disodium had an inhibitory effect on bone mineral loss and had the esophageal tolerability and safety, but no difference in aorta calcification and antiarthrogenic effects, including aorta wall thickness in this study.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Monteggia Fracture in Children / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: To adequately diagnose Monteggia fracture which is frequently misdiagnosed at initial visit and to suggest appropriate treatment options according to the interval between initial trauma and final diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively 17 Monteggia fractures in children, who had been treated from May 1993 to August 1998, with complete radiologic data, medical records and adequate follow-up period. RESULTS: In 17 cases, six (35.3%) had inadequate diagnosis initially and the others (11 cases) were diagnosed adequately. Eleven cases diagnosed within 48 hours after initial injury were treated with closed reduction. Three cases diagnosed at more than 6 weeks after initial injury were treated with open reduction, ulnar osteotomy and annular ligament reconstruction. Two cases diagnosed at 3 weeks after initial injury were treated with only ulnar osteotomy followed by closed reduction of radial head. One refused treatment. All patients except one who refused treatment, had favorable clinical outcome in medium-term follow up. CONCLUSION: Monteggia fracture must be suspected in children, if there was noted ulnar fracture or radial head dislocation alone is noted. Within 3 weeks after trauma, single corrective osteotomy with closed reduction of the radial head was considered enough for treatment. At more than 6 weeks after trauma, open reduction, ulnar osteotomy and annular ligament reconstruction were needed in our study.

Characteristics of skeletodental pattern in high angle cases / 대한치과교정학회지

The patient with an anterior open bite has one of the most difficult orthodontic problem to correct Previous studies have yielded different conclusions as to exactly where the morphologic problems associated with vertical dysplasia- high angle cases are located. In order to identify the cephalometric features of high angle cases and highlight the measurements that characterize high angle cases, 109 pretreatment cephalograms, 35 high angle, 37 average angle, and 37 low angle cases, were analyzed and compared statistically. As the mandibular plane was steeper, the anterior facial height, especially lower anterior facial height, became greater, and the posterior facial height became smaller. All the dentoalveolar vertical dimensions, especially in upper, increased. Arid all the skeletal angular measurements increased. Especially Lower gonial angle had most positive correlation to mandibular plane angle. Upper incisor was lingually inclined, and lower incisor was labially inclined in high angle cases.